Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for Aeroallergen Desensitization

Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for Aeroallergen Desensitization

Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT)

Subcutaneous immunotherapy (widely known as “allergy shots”) holds a distinct place in clinical allergology, as it is a disease-modifying treatment that targets the underlying cause of allergic disease. Unlike conventional medications, such as antihistamines or nasal sprays, which provide temporary symptom relief, immunotherapy addresses the root of the problem by “re-educating” the immune system to develop tolerance and prevent excessive reactions to airborne allergens, such as pollens, house dust mites, or molds. Its use can lead to long-term remission or even complete resolution of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, while also helping to prevent progression to allergic asthma.

• What it is: The established method of administering “allergy shots,” with decades of successful clinical use.
• How it is administered: It is given by subcutaneous injection, usually in the upper arm, exclusively by a physician. During the maintenance phase, injections are most commonly administered once a month, using highly purified and standardized allergen extracts.
• Main advantage: It ensures precisely controlled administration under direct medical supervision within the controlled environment of the medical practice.
• Treatment phases: Treatment includes an initial build-up phase, during which the dose is gradually increased, followed by a maintenance phase with a stable therapeutic dose.
• Duration and Clinical Benefit: Treatment requires consistent adherence to the prescribed dosing schedule over an extended period, with a typical duration of 3 to 5 years. Upon completion, it can achieve long-term modification of the natural course of the allergy, significantly reducing symptoms and the need for medication, while also helping to protect against the development of new allergic sensitizations and allergic asthma.
• Individualized treatment: The decision to use SCIT is made on an individual basis, taking into account the patient’s specific allergen profile, history of symptoms, and lifestyle, with the aim of ensuring maximum safety and effectiveness.